he Indonesian archipelago is geographically susceptible to natural disasters because of the

country’s location at the juncture of three active tectonic plates: the Pacific plate, the Indo-

Australia plate and the Eurasia plate. There are several active volcanoes scattered throughout the

islands and the surrounding sea. Major disasters strike periodically, taking lives and devastating

infrastructure. Man-made environmental and complex emergencies also trigger humanitarian

events in Indonesia, ranging from small-scale to national-level emergencies.