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The Indonesian archipelago is geographically susceptible to natural disasters because of the country’s location at the juncture of three active tectonic plates: the Pacific plate, the Indo- Australia plate and the Eurasia plate. There are several active volcanoes scattered throughout the islands and the surrounding sea. Major disasters strike periodically, taking lives and devastating infrastructure. Man-made environmental and complex emergencies also trigger humanitarian events in Indonesia, ranging from small-scale to national-level emergencies.